Cipu-gbe

Cipu-gbe (Cicipu), kavi Western Acipa, yin ogbè Kainji tọn de he nọ yin dido gbọn nudi omẹ 20,000 dali to agéwaji-whèyihọ Naijilia tọn tọn. Omẹ lọ lẹ nọ ylọ yede lẹ dọ Acipu, bọ to Hausa-gbe mẹ, yé nọ yin yiylọ dọ Acipawa. ^[1]

Taidi ogbè Benue–Congo tọn susu devo lẹ, Cipu tindo tito yinkọgbe tọn he gẹdẹ de. ^[2] E tindo kọnugbe, hogbe po aliho he mẹ e nọ yin yiylọ tọ́n po he gẹdẹ yẹẹ de, gọna aliho wekún asì lẹ yiylọ to awọtínmẹgbe mẹ po de.

Diblayin Cipu-gbe dótọ lẹpo wẹ nọ dó Hausa-gbe ga. Susu to ye mẹ sọ nọ dó ogbè he tin to lẹdo yetọn mẹ lẹ.

Ogbè lẹ mimá do ogbẹ́ voovo ji

Cipu-gbe yin adà de to alà Kambari-gbe tọn tọn de to ogbè Niger–Congo tọn lẹ mẹ.

Zinjẹgbonu agọe tọn na ogbè lẹ mimá do ogbẹ́ voovo ji^[3] ze Cipu-gbe do ogbẹ́ ogbè Kamuku tọn he tin to West Kainji pa to Whèzẹtẹn-waji Acipa tọn lẹ mẹ. Etomọṣo, dodinnanu kitokito bibasi^[4]^[5] ko dohia dọ e sọgan nọma yinmọ́.

Yinkọ devo lẹ

To alọnu din, The Ethnologue ze Cipu-gbe do 'Western Acipa' ji. Etomọṣo yinkọ lọ, 'Western Acipa' ma sọ nọ yin zinzan to gbonu the Ethnologue tọn, podọ obiọ ko yin bibasi nado diọ aliho he mẹ e nọ yin kinkan do enẹ.^[6] To Hausa-gbe mẹ, ogbè lọ nọ yin alọdlẹndo di Acipanci podọ omẹ lọ lẹ nọ yin Acipawa lẹ.

Fie yé gbape gbọn lẹ

Cicipu-gbe nọ yin dido to Naijilia gbọn nudi omẹ 20,000 dali, ^[7] mehe gbape gbọn Lẹdo Gandudu Dokọ̀ tọn Sakaba tọn to Ayimatẹn Kebbi tọn mẹ podọ Lẹdo Gandudu Dokọ̀ tọn Kontagora tọn mẹ to Ayimatẹn Niger Tọn mẹ.

Akọ̀gbe lẹ/Vogbingbọn lẹ

Acipunu lẹ lọsu na yede kẹalọyi kọnugbe voovo ṣinawe taidi wunmẹ Cicipu-gbe tọn lẹ. Yinkọ akọ̀gbe lọ lẹ tọn die yin sislẹ do odò fi die (to pọmẹ hẹ lehe Hausanu lẹ nọ ylọ ye do to glọ́ndo mẹ):

Tirisino (Karishen)
Tidipo (Kadonho)
Tizoriyo (Mazarko)
Tidodimo (Kadedan)
Tikula (Maburya)
Ticuhun (Kakihum)
Tikumbasi (Kumbashi)

Aliho Wékinkan tọn

Wunmẹ hogbe lẹ didọtọ́n dopodopo tọn he gbayipe hugan to Cicipu-gbe mẹ wẹ CV, amọ́ na nugbo tọn, nudindọ̀n yẹẹ delẹ tin gando Ń po CVN po go. Sọha kleun de to yinkọgbe po nuwàgbe po nọ bẹ jẹeji po aliho hogbe lẹ didọtọ́n dopodopo tọn V tọn po. Àga yìyì po odò wiwa kọnugbe tọn po nọ sọawuhia to yinkọgbe lẹ mẹ, di apajlẹ, káayá ‘ohọ̀’ po káayà ‘ayivi’ po, sọgan e yinmọ́ na nuwàgbe lẹ (na nugbo tọn aliho hogbe lẹ yiylọ tọn he sọgbe yin nujọnu na nuwàgbe lẹ)

Wekún asì lẹ

Cicipu-gbe tindo wunmẹ wekún asì tọn voovo ṣidopo. Wekún asì lọ lẹpo sọgan yin kandlẹ́nna kavi whegli, podọ yemẹpo wẹ tindo nugonu awọ̀ntinmẹgbe tọn lẹ. E tindo wekún awè topọ (diphthong) ẹnẹ̀: /ei/, /eu/, /ai/ po /au/ po.

Monophthong	Wekún asì nukọ̀n tọn	Wekún asì ṣẹnṣẹn tọn	Wekún asì godo tọn
Close	, iː		u, uː
Close-mid	e, eː		o, oː
Open-mid			ɔ, ɔː
Open		a, aː

Wekún asú lẹ

Tedidi wekún asú tọn nọ di yede to Cicipu-gbe mẹ, di apajlẹ, yuwo 'jai' po yuwwo 'lilẹ' po. Wekún asú depope wẹ sọgan yin dindọ̀n.

**Consonant phonemes**
		Labial	Dental kavi alveolar	Postalveolar kavi palatal	Velar		Glottal
		Labial	Dental kavi alveolar	Postalveolar kavi palatal	Plain	Labialized	Palatalized	Plain	Labialized
Plosives and affricates	Voiceless	p	t	tʃ	k	kʷ	ʔʲ	ʔ	ʔʷ
	Voiced	b	d	dʒ	ɡ	ɡʷ
	Implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricatives]l	Voiceless		s				hʲ	h	hʷ
Fricatives]l	Voiced	v	z
Nasals		m	n
Rhotic			ɾ
Approximants			l	j		w

Hogbe lẹ

Susu to hogbe Cicipu-gbe tọn lẹ mẹ wẹ yin hogbe whìwhé lẹ sọn Hausa-gbe mẹ. Aliho he mẹ hogbe he yin whìwhé ehelẹ nọ yin yiylọ do tọn ko diọ na ye nido mlin dopọ po aliho hodidọ tọn Cicipu-gbe tọn po, pataki to wekún asì lẹ mẹ.

Tito Wékinkan tọn

Cicipu-gbe ma ko to yinyin kinkandai to alọnu, etomọṣo aliho wékinkan tọn de ko yin awuwiwlena, podọ alọnuwe sọha de ko yin titobasina bo ko to yinyin mimapé.^[8]

Sọ Pọ́n

Alọdlẹndonu lẹ

↑ Blench, Roger. The Kamuku languages.
↑ McGill, Stuart. 2007. The Cipu noun class system. Journal of West African Languages, 34(2), 51-90.
↑ Williamson, Kay and Roger M. Blench. 2000. Niger–Congo in African languages: an introduction, 11-42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
↑ Dettweiler, Steve and Sonia Dettweiler. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey (level one) of the Kamuku language cluster [Originally written in 1992]..
↑ McGill, Stuart. 2007. The classification of Cicipu. Unpublished manuscript.
↑ "The name of the Cicipu language". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
↑ CAPRO Research Office. 1995. Kingdoms at war. Jos: CAPRO Media.
↑ McGill, Stuart (ined). Some orthographic challenges for Cicipu. West Kainji Language Workshop, Safara Motel, Kontagora, 10 -12 March 2008, pp. 2-3.

[1] Blench, Roger. The Kamuku languages.

[2] McGill, Stuart. 2007. The Cipu noun class system. Journal of West African Languages, 34(2), 51-90.

[3] Williamson, Kay and Roger M. Blench. 2000. Niger–Congo in African languages: an introduction, 11-42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[4] Dettweiler, Steve and Sonia Dettweiler. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey (level one) of the Kamuku language cluster [Originally written in 1992]..

[5] McGill, Stuart. 2007. The classification of Cicipu. Unpublished manuscript.

[6] "The name of the Cicipu language". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2022-03-22.

[7] CAPRO Research Office. 1995. Kingdoms at war. Jos: CAPRO Media.

[8] McGill, Stuart (ined). Some orthographic challenges for Cicipu. West Kainji Language Workshop, Safara Motel, Kontagora, 10 -12 March 2008, pp. 2-3.

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